出生於1962年,萊拉.巴卡尼娜是拉脫維亞最著名的導演,不論紀錄片或劇情片皆持續獲得國際重要影展,如坎城、威尼斯、柏林等影展的選映肯定。新聞系畢業後,她進入莫斯科電影學院接受電影導演訓練,進而開啟紀錄片創作之路。1991年創作首部紀錄片《麻布日記》,近三十年的創作生涯,完成逾三十部作品,她的攝影機可說見證了拉脫維亞自蘇聯獨立到加入歐盟的重要歷史變遷,儘管她從未直接處理政治、社會題材,觀者依然可透過其作品窺探改變中的拉脫維亞社會。

 

生活是她最大的靈感來源,獨具慧眼的她,經常在平凡事物上發現其不凡之處,使觀者能見微知著,長而悠遠的鏡頭、不按牌理的取鏡,以及幽微細緻的聲響運用,構築出廣褒深邃的影像風景,在她的電影中亦能看見各式交通工具,邊界與移動可說是最為常見的主題。她同時有著編舞家的視野,對於眼前各種物體的運動非常敏銳,尤擅於捕捉人們細微的表情、動作,創造出的幽默氛圍總是令人忍不住發笑。

 

她尊重每個鏡頭中的時間,但也勇於裁剪時間來捕捉生命況味,即便短短的篇幅卻好比俳句,總能帶出淡遠無盡的感受,如同塔可夫斯基所說,「能以滴水映照整個世界」,而如此洞悉真實的視野,則來自她獨特的創作姿態:「等待」,她從未以概念構思電影,無懼迷路,向未知敞開自身,期待隱身於角落中的影像向她召喚,火車進站、信件到來、馬兒的回眸處處皆有電影。當然,她也等待觀者的投身;等待,真實的到來。

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Hello Horse!

The film is about how everything changes while remaining the same, or rather how everything remains the same by changing. It uses all the basic elements of film language – image, sound, light, movement (or non-movement), editing rhythm and pauses and all those things a man never thinks about walking along a country road.

Waterfall

Waterfall and I, and – no, the other way around! This film is, of course, about nature – human nature. Or – what a human can do with the widest waterfall in Europe.

On Rubiks' Road

Rubiks' road is a bicycle path connecting Riga and Jurmala. While we were filming pedestrians, joggers, cyclists, dogs, birds, trains, scooters and airplanes, the citizens of Latvia elected Alfreds RUBIKS, former Communist Party leader who strongly opposed the independence of Latvia, to the European Parliament.

Dawn

The film heralds a morally confused world in the recent past – the Soviet era. It is based on a Soviet propaganda story about Young Pioneer Pavel MOROZOV, who denounced his father to STALIN’s secret police and was in turn killed by his own family. Who, in this Soviet fairy tale, is good, and who is evil?

Short Film About Life

If ‘all the world’s a stage’, then the scenes recorded by an unmoving camera on an ordinary football field are its pure essence. Over the course of just two minutes, this cinematic miniature unfolds a story filled with concentration, hope, disappointment, friendship and the collegiality of sport. A football microcosm.

Theodore

Every day, 80-year-old Theodore sets off on his bicycle on a 7-km journey to a bus stop in a God-forsaken Latvian village. With ritual ceremony, here he opens a bottle of beer, sits down on a bench and shares his solitude with several other men. Only rarely do they utter some indeterminate comments about the weather or their health.

Dream Land

There are places that we don’t want to know anything about. One such place is a dumpsite. It is a stinking desert of trash, but it’s also a desert that is teaming with life. The astounding profusion of insects, reptiles, birds and mammals imparts to it some strangely alluring dream-like quality.

The Chimney

In a cluster of houses outside town, in the shadow of an old chimney, there live several light-haired girls. With her extreme sense for detail, the director captures the poetry of the everyday. The result is a fresh and humorous look at a world ruled by spontaneity, playfulness and the immediacy of children’s logic.

Snow Crazy

There is a popular Latvian folk song which begins with ‘I was singing out high on a mountain’. The irony of it is that according to physical geography there are no mountains in Latvia. So what exactly is the place where the Latvians are ‘singing out’? It may be safely said that it’s the same place where they are skiing.

Papa Gena

The city is as it is. There needs to be a serious reason in order to ask an urban person to stop and be calm in front of the camera for a moment. This time MOZART serves as the reason.

Filmmaker in Focus: Laila PAKALNINA

Born in 1962, Laila PAKALNINA is Latvia’s most famous director, with her documentary and fiction films being honoured across the world at prestigious film festivals including Cannes, Venice and Berlin. After studying journalism in university, she further trained as a director at the Moscow Film Institute, and thus began her life as a filmmaker. Since her first documentary short The Linen in 1991, she has completed more than 30 works in a career spanning nearly three decades, and her camera has borne testament to Latvia’s historic changes, from gaining independence from the USSR to becoming a member of the EU. Although she never directly dealt with politics and social issues, audiences could nevertheless sense the changes in Latvian society through her works.

 

She finds her greatest inspiration in everyday life and has a unique eye for the extraordinary in commonplace objects and events. Even in detailed shots one sees the whole picture, while in her long shots she ushers in a sense of timelessness. Her unconventional use of camera angles and her delicate use of sound come together to construct a vast, expansive scenescape. Transportation vehicles are often seen in her films, and among her most common recurring themes are borders and movement. In addition, she possesses the keen sense of a choreographer in perceiving movements that come across her eye and is particularly masterful in capturing minute human emotions and movements; her humorous creations never fail to generate a chuckle.

 

PAKALNINA respects the time needed for each shot, but also dares to cut time to capture the essence of life. Even in her shorter works, she brings out a sense of haiku-like eternity — in TARKOVSKY’s words, ‘an entire world reflected as in a drop of water’. This impeccable insight into reality stems from her distinctive creative trait: waiting. Not being one to be constrained by a structural concept for a given work, she opens herself up to the unknown, unafraid of becoming lost, and awaits the image tucked away in a corner to call to her: the coming of a train, the arrival of a letter, the backward glance of a horse… all nurture a film within. Naturally, she awaits the viewer to involve themselves in waiting for reality to come.

Films

Dawn

Dawn

2015
Latvia
96min
萊拉.巴卡尼娜
Laila PAKALNINA

Dream Land

Dream Land

2004
Latvia
36min
萊拉.巴卡尼娜
Laila PAKALNINA

Hello Horse!

Hello Horse!

2017
Latvia
24min
萊拉.巴卡尼娜
Laila PAKALNINA

On Rubiks' Road

On Rubiks' Road

2010
Latvia
30min
萊拉.巴卡尼娜
Laila PAKALNINA

Papa Gena

Papa Gena

2001
Latvia
11min
萊拉.巴卡尼娜
Laila PAKALNINA

Short Film About Life

Short Film About Life

2014
Latvia
2min
萊拉.巴卡尼娜
Laila PAKALNINA

Silence

Silence

2009
Latvia
15min
萊拉.巴卡尼娜
Laila PAKALNINA

Snow Crazy

Snow Crazy

2012
Latvia
34min
萊拉.巴卡尼娜
Laila PAKALNINA

The Chimney

The Chimney

2013
Latvia
52min
萊拉.巴卡尼娜
Laila PAKALNINA

The Ferry

The Ferry

1994
Latvia
17min
萊拉.巴卡尼娜
Laila PAKALNINA

The Linen

The Linen

1991
Latvia
11min
萊拉.巴卡尼娜
Laila PAKALNINA

The Mail

The Mail

1995
Latvia
22min
萊拉.巴卡尼娜
Laila PAKALNINA

Theodore

Theodore

2006
Latvia
29min
萊拉.巴卡尼娜
Laila PAKALNINA

Water

Water

2006
Latvia
12min
萊拉.巴卡尼娜
Laila PAKALNINA

Waterfall

Waterfall

2016
Latvia
21min
萊拉.巴卡尼娜
Laila PAKALNINA
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